Citations and credits
Every dataset behind this site: who made it, what licence it carries, and which page uses it. Nothing here was measured by me. The pictures are mine; the science is theirs, and it is the reason any of this is possible.
If you use any of this
Cite the people who made the data, not this site. Every reference below is the one its authors asked for.
Reference guides
Two pages carry written reference guides beneath their instruments, with sources cited inline: pain, from receptor to treatment, and the sensorimotor cortex.
The sources
Borner K, et al. Human Reference Atlas. Nature Methods (2025). Geometry derives from the Allen Human Reference Atlas 3D, Ding et al.
Faizy TD, Kumar D, Broocks G, et al. Age-related measures of the human brain's white matter myelin. Sci Rep 8, 14991 (2018). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33112-8
MNI152NLin2009cAsym brain mask, via TemplateFlow. Fonov V, et al. Unbiased average age-appropriate atlases for pediatric studies. NeuroImage 54, 313 (2011).
Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024)
Amunts K, Lepage C, Borgeat L, et al. BigBrain: An Ultrahigh-Resolution 3D Human Brain Model. Science 340, 1472 (2013). (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). No citation is recorded upstream.
BodyParts3D, The Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS). Mitsuhashi N, et al. BodyParts3D: 3D structure database for anatomical concepts. Nucleic Acids Res 37, D782 (2009). (CC BY-SA 2.1 Japan). No citation is recorded upstream.
Yeh FC, Population-based tract-to-region connectome of the human brain. Nat Commun 13, 4933 (2022).
Lee JJ, Jo S, Cho S, Woo CW. Personalized brain decoding of spontaneous pain in individuals with chronic pain. Nat Neurosci (2026). doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02221-3. Behavioural rating files from OpenNeuro ds006815.
Mohammadian M et al. Evidence for a role of skull bone marrow in human chronic pain as revealed by TSPO PET imaging. medRxiv 2025.07.19.25331817; peer-reviewed version PMID 41551382. Derivatives from OpenNeuro ds007907.
OpenNeuro ds007095, human stereo EEG.
The dataset's own dataset_description.json lists its authors as a TODO placeholder, so there is no paper to cite and nobody named to credit. It is CC0 and the credit is owed to NYU CBI regardless.
Wei Z et al. CoSpine open access simultaneous cortico-spinal fMRI database of thermal pain and motor tasks. Sci Data (2025). doi:10.1038/s41597-025-05982-x
Whole cell current clamp from human cortical tissue, DANDI dandiset 000293.
HCP S1200 group average, Van Essen et al., NeuroImage 80:62 (2013). MSMAll registered.
Tian Y, Margulies DS, Breakspear M, Zalesky A. Topographic organization of the human subcortex unveiled with functional connectivity gradients. Nat Neurosci 23:1421 (2020). doi:10.1038/s41593-020-00711-6
Hao H, Ramli R, Wang C, et al. Dorsal root ganglia control nociceptive input to the central nervous system. PLoS Biol 21:e3001958 (2023). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001958. Reconstruction from NeuroMorpho.Org, Gamper archive.
McDermott LA et al. Defining the functional role of NaV1.7 in human nociception. Neuron 101:905 (2019). doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.047. Reconstruction from NeuroMorpho.Org (Ascoli et al., J Neurosci 27:9247, 2007), Weir archive.
PhysioNet EEG Motor Movement/Imagery Database, subject 1, runs 1 and 2, all 64 channels. Electrode coordinates are the standard 10-05 template (MNE), not this person's head.
Blue Marble and city lights: NASA Earth Observatory / NASA Worldview (GIBS). Satellite frames: NASA GIBS, MODIS on Terra. Aerial: USGS National Agriculture Imagery Program, 1 m.
Licences worth knowing about
Most of what is here is free for any use. Two things are not, and they are flagged above: 1 dataset carries a noncommercial clause, and 4 carry share-alike, which means anything derived from them inherits the same terms. If this site is ever licensed commercially, those are the parts that have to come out.
Tools
Built with three.js, CloudVolume, trimesh, MNE-Python, NiBabel, scikit-image, NumPy and SciPy.